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natural reservoir
A natural reservoir or nidus (the latter from the Latin word for "nest") is the long-term host of a pathogen of an infectious disease.〔 Hosts often do not get the disease carried by the pathogen or it is carried as a subclinical infection and so asymptomatic and non-lethal. Once discovered, natural reservoirs elucidate the complete life cycle of infectious diseases, providing effective prevention and control.
==Examples==
Examples of natural reservoirs are:
* Field mice, for hantaviruses and Lassa fever
* Marmots, black rats, prairie dogs, chipmunks and squirrels for bubonic plague
* Armadillos and opossums for Chagas disease, leprosy, and several species of New World ''Leishmania''
* Ticks for babesiosis and Rocky Mountain spotted fever
* Ground squirrels, porcupines, and chipmunks for Colorado tick fever
* Snails for schistosomiasis and swimmer's itch
* Pigs for cestode worm infections
* Raccoons, skunks, foxes and bats for rabies
* Shellfish for cholera
* Fowl (ducks and geese) for avian influenza
* Bats, the reservoir for Nipah and Hendra virus, rabies, Ebola virus disease, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
* Dogs and wild canids for Ebola virus disease, ''Leishmania infantum'', the cause of infantile visceral leishmaniasis
* Cats, for ''Bartonella'' (aka cat scratch disease)
* Gerbils for ''Leishmania major'', the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Old World
* Rock hyrax for ''Leishmania aethiopica'' and, probably, certain strains of ''Leishmania tropica'', the causative agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Old World
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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